Method

I am a lifelong history buff, and do not claim to be an historian. However, I am a veteran researcher and former newspaper editor with a master’s degree from a top-ranked journalism school, the University of Missouri-Columbia, and I used those skills to create this site. I tried to stick to secondary Web, book, academic and periodical sources. But I often had to dive into primary sources when the others did not provide sufficient details, or contradicted each other. Visits to state, university, and county libraries turned up significant evidence and forgotten stories.

Some types of evidence are more reliable than others, of course. I followed a strict hierarchy of evidence to mitigate the effects of memory loss and cognitive bias among veterans and their storytellers, including mine. In other words, if two sources differed, I went with the higher-ranked type:

1. Wartime documents (orders, letters, newspapers) and modern archaeological studies.
2. Veteran’s memoirs and pension applications.
3. Modern academic studies, local historians, etc., who cite the above.
4. Secondhand reports from the 19th-Century based on named eyewitnesses (e.g., works like Caruthers’ shown on this page).
5. Expert consensus regarding typical military and lifestyle practices of the day.
6. Local oral traditions, which often (but not